With this infographic we have tried to simplify the uses of ESTAR.
Remember that the use of SER and ESTAR does not always follow the rule of SER = permanent, ESTAR = temporary.
For example, when we talk about the location (which may or may not be permanent) in Spanish we use the verb ESTAR:
Bangkok está en Tailandia.
Another of the most common uses, among others, is describing the temporary physical states or mood. Check its uses and the conjugation in presente de indicativo and if you have questions write a comment!